Manipur state constitution act 1947 manipur state administration rules 1947 1 and 2 july 1947 bilateral agreements standstill agreement instrument of accession manipur merger agreement manipur administration order 1949 states merger chief commissioners provinces order 1950 letter of political adviser. The government of india succeeded in pressuring the maharaja into signing a merger agreement in september 1949, without consulting the popularly elected legislative assembly of manipur. Manipur has come under the influences of cultures of many different ethnic groups who came at various times and contributed to the growth of civilization. Many legal and political examinations are still going on in the collective mind. The king gave signed the manipur merger agreement on 21. The regent signed the merger agreement with the government of india. Revolutionary peoples front manipur rpfm manipur was annexed by india on 15 october 1949 after signing the manipur merger agreement, on 21 september 1949. On the conclusion of the anglo burmese war with the signing of the treaty of yandaboo on the 24 th of february 1826, manipur was declared independent. History of manipur manipur became a princely state under british rule in 1891, the last of the independent states to be incorporated into british india. Merger of manipur and tripura with india drishti ias. Since the day, manipur lost her independence and became part of indias colonial rule. The agreement was signed in 1949 by king of manipur and representatives of indian union. On 21st september 1949 manipur was merged with the indian union. With the victory of the british forces, manipur state became a vassal state under.
Manipur merger agreement 1949 full text kapil arambam. The manipur merger agreement 1949 its legality and constitutionality in the context of manipur constitution act, 1947 and international law a. Subsequent to the merger agreement, the popularly elected manipur assembly adopted a few resolutions on 28 september 1949 that rejected the socalled agreement signed under duress. The merger agreement was signed by the maharaja under duress, which was not ratified by the maharaja in council nor by state legislative assembly. In order to understand how the merger of manipur with india came about, we need to. Ultimately, he signed the treacherous merger agreement in a state of helplessness, while still under housearrest, on september 21, 1949. The erstwhile princely state signed the instrument of accession but not the merger agreement until 1949, that too under duress.
After resisting for two days the king gave in and signed the manipur merger agreement on 21 september 1949. It offers a peep on the intricate history of manipur. October 1949 when it was merged into india following the shillong merger agreement. Under the terms of the agreement manipur comes under indian rule from october 15, 1949. The state which was selfsufficient in history is now reduced to a position of critical dependence on indias doles, and the state government of manipur is. Tripura was princely state till the merger with indian union on 15 th november, 1949. It claims to trace the history of the kingdom of manipur from the founding of the ruling dynasty in 33 ce under king nongda lairen pakhangba until the merger of the kingdom with india in 1949 and the subsequent abolition of monarchy. During the second world war, manipur was the scene of battles between japanese and allied forces. History of manipur, ancient history of manipur, kings of.
Whereas in the best interests of the state of manipur as well as of the dominion of india it is desirable to provide for the administration of the said state by or under. Via a manipur merger agreement, the princely state acceded to the union on 15th october 1949 when maharaja bodhachandra ceded full and exclusive authority, jurisdiction and powers for and in relation to the governance of the state to dominion government of india. Let me make a disclaimer first that i am no historian, it is just an opinion of a common man, it is just my perspective. Democratisation edit merging the administrative machineries of each state and integrating them into one political and administrative entity was not easy, particularly as many of the merged states had a history of rivalry.
The manipur merger agreement 1949 by a nilamani epao. Manipur merger agreement cbkwgl agreement made this twenty first day of september, 1949 between the governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of manipur. Nilamani on the conclusion of the anglo burmese war with the signing of the treaty of yandaboo on the 24th of february 1826, manipur was declared independent. Integration of princely states iasmania civil services. Later, on 21 september 1949, he signed a merger agreement, merging the kingdom into india, which led to its becoming a part c state. Whereas in he best interests of the state of manipur as well as of the dominion of india it is desirableto provide for the administration of the said state by or under the authority of. As a result of the agreement, the manipur state merged into the indian union as a part c state similar to a chief commissioners province under the colonial regime, to be governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the government of india. Seven years devastation chahi taret khuntakpa burmese invaded manipur several times, but the most notable was the one in 1819 during the reign of maharaja marjit singh, under the great burmese general.
On 21 september 1949, the maharaja was coerced to sign a merger agreement with the union of india. The merger of manipur with indian union took place on 21 september 1949 between the then governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of manipur. The early history of manipur is composed of mythical narratives. Agreement made this twenty first day of september, 1949 between the governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of manipur. In 1949, maharaja budhachandra was summoned to shillong, capital of the indian. Left wing was in favour of merger with india and right wing on the other hand stood against it. To restore the suspended freedom of manipur and to resist the occupation force of india peoples liberation army pla, the army of the revolutionary peoples front was. Is the occupation of manipur by india stands illegal. Manipur merger agreement, 1949 agreement made this twenty first day of september, 1949 between the governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of manipur. On 21 september 1949, the maharaja was coerced to sign a merger agreement with the union of india, to take effect on 15 october the same year. His highness maharaja of manipur cedes to the dominion government full and exclusive authority, jurisdiction and powers for and in relation to. The history of manipur kangleipak in ancient times is reflected by archaeological research.
On reorganization of the states, effected in november, 1956, tripura became a union territory with an advisory committee to aid and advise the chief commissioner. The militant outfits in manipur, in their statement, also stated they have been been observing october 15 as national black day for the past years to protest against the manipur merger agreement signed between maharaja bodhachandra of manipur and the union government in shillong in 1949. This is corroborated by the history of india positively and invariably. To cut a long history short, one can start with the events around the merger of manipur with the union of india in 1949.
If we look into the indian subcontinent as a whole manipur lies in the periphery of it. Manipur was one such state which merged with india on 21 september 1949. The merger agreement was signed by the maharaja under duress, which was not ratified by the maharaja. The only princely states which signed neither covenants of merger nor merger agreements were kashmir, mysore and hyderabad. Nilamani on the conclusion of the anglo burmese war with the signing of the treaty of yandaboo on the 24th of.
Manipur shuts down against 1949 merger with india the hindu. Manipur simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sovereign and independent country manipur was annexed by india on 15 october 1949 after signing illegal and unconstitutional manipur merger agreement, on 21 september 1949. The government of india succeeded in pressuring the maharaja into signing a merger agreement in september 1949, without consulting the. Menon, orient longman, india annexure iv text of manipur constitution act, 1947 annexure v manipur merger agreement between the governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of manipur, dated 21 september 1949. Merger of manipur the merger of manipur with india was made on 21st september 1949 between the then governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of manipur. D was seized by the british empire in 1891 after anglo manipuri war and it continued to continue reading manipur merger agreement 15th october 1949. In order to understand how the merger of manipur with india came about, we need to take a brief look at the geography and. Merger of manipur the merger of manipur with india was made on 21st september 1949 between the then governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of. It was mentioned in the merger pact that manipur was one of the most uncertain native states due to some delicate issues and problems. Government of india succeeded in pressurizing the maharaja into signing a merger agreement in september 1949, without consulting the popularly elected legislative assembly of manipur.
Why manipur does not forget merger agreement imphal times. The manipur merger agreement of 21 sept 1949 by waikhom. Manipur, one of the occupied seven states in indias north eastern region, is in. Agreement made this twentyfirst day of september 1949 between the governor general of. Subsequent to the merger agreement, the popularly elected manipur. Manipur merger agreement, 1949 agreement made this twenty first day of september 1949 between the governor general of india and his highness, the maharajah of manipur. However, it was alleged that this accession was a forced merger at gunpoint.
This merger was later disputed by groups in manipur, as having been completed without consensus and under duress. Manipur, one of the occupied seven states in indias north. Manipur become indian in 1949 after the merger agreement. Banned outfits call for bandh in manipur, tripura on oct 15. The japanese were beaten back before the alliescould enter imphal. Shutdown in parts of manipur against 1949 merger with. The 4th sitting of the 3rd session of the manipur state assembly in its session held at the johnston school on 28th september, 1949 at 2. More than a year later, on 9 september 1949, she signed the tripura merger agreement, and with effect from 15 october 1949 tripura became part of indian union. Its legality and constitutionality in the context of manipur constitution act, 1947 and international law.
Finally, a resolution was adopted stating lusahi hills would be part of assam province upon independence. To protest the merger agreement, which the then king of manipur maharaja bodhachandra was allegedly made to sign under duress on september 21, 1949 and to demand that the pact be rolled back, the national revolutionary front, manipur nrfm has called a statewide bandh on september 21. Manipur which was an independent kingdom since 33 a. Menon representing the union government had signed the manipur merger agreement on october 15, 1949. An agreement was drafted and accepted by both sides. The following is a text of the resolution published by the manipur state press, g100 141049. It was thereafter administered by the chief commissioner as a c category state.
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